It has been proven that high blood pressure is the result of sclerosis of the arteries and the cause of severe heart disease.People with increased indicators are diagnosed with arterial hypertension.Due to the narrowing of the vessels that have lost the elasticity, an increase in pressure increases in others. This slows down the blood circulation and increases the load.
Norm and pathology of blood pressure
The optimal blood pressure is the value of the tonometer of 120/80 mm.Rt. Art.The pressure is considered increased when arterial indicators exceed the standard for humans for humans.
Temporary fluctuations in blood pressure, differences during the day are a common event.
| Stage of high blood pressure | Sistolian indicator (garden), mm.Rt. Art. | Diastolic indicator (dad), mm. Rt. Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal blood pressure | 120 | 80 |
| standard | From 120 to 130 | From 80 to 85 |
| prevention | From 130 to 140 | From 85 to 90 |
| GB 1 level (soft hypertension) | From 140 to 160 | From 90 to 100 |
| GB 2 levels (moderate) | From 160 to 180 | From 100 to 110 |
| GB 3 levels | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| ISAG (isolated systolic arterial hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
Why is a person dangerous in one person?
The initial symptoms of increased pressure: weakness, slight dizziness, poor sleep, fly before the eyes are taken by a person to sign of fatigue that determines the progression of high blood pressure without medical care.
If you leave the situation without attention, the serious consequences of high pressure cannot be avoided, a person can wait:
- Infarction;
- Stroke;
- Acute heart failure;
- Lungs -Thromboembolism;
- Stratification or aorta.
A fatal result is possible in the last phases of these diseases.A particularly severe form of the disease is a malignant high blood pressure.It is more common in one of the two hundred patients - men diagnosed.The disease does not stop in any medication, medication even worsens the patient's condition.A person “burns” for six months due to complications.
Hypertension risk factors
Hypertension is closely related to risk factors that can be individually or externally (acquired).
| Individual risk factors | External provocative factors |
|---|---|
| Genetic predisposition: If both parents suffer from high blood pressure, the disease develops in children in more than 50% of cases (the risk of high blood pressure in children whose parents had normal blood pressure - no more than 20%) | Digestion: A diet of an atherogenic profile with a large number of saturated fatty acids (sausages, smoked meat, cake, chocolate, snacks), a large amount of salt every day (more than 5 g) |
| Age: The increased pressure develops in 15% aged 50 to 60 years, in 30% - from 60 to 70, 40% over 70 years | Smoking-is proven that it increases from nicotine |
| Paul: The prevalence of arterial hypertension under the age of 40 in men is much higher than in women.These differences are later smoothed | Excessive coffee consumption daily is harmful to the sound of blood vessels, causes its cramp and automatically increases the pressure |
| Obesity: The dependency between body mass and blood pressure level is a straight line.Plus 10 kg increases the systolic indicator by 2-3 units and diastolic-by 1-3. In fat people more often occurs 2-6 times 2-6 times ago (in 78% of men and 64% of women to the excess body weight) 2-6 times (in 78% of men). |
Flexive causes of increased pressure are stress, revise, repeated negative emotions, psycho -emotional overcharge, intellectual overload |
| Personal characteristics: slightly exciting nervous system, probability, suspicion and dissatisfaction, an inconsiderable desire for competition is the reasons why the pressure of too emotional people increases | A sedentary lifestyle: In hypodynamic people, the risk of arterial hypertension is 25% higher than physically active or trained (physical activity during work activity increases blood pressure and reduces during peace). |
| Breed: African Americans, mainly female, fall from the risk group | Alcoholism - destroys the liver, violates metabolic processes, has a negative effect on the tone of blood vessels (toxins) |
People who are susceptible to high blood pressure must remind them from whom the pressure is still increasing: irregular working day, night layers, professional harm, frequent climate change, time zones.
The main reasons for increasing blood pressure
Together with the provocative moments or the background, on which high blood pressure occurs, high pressure provokes specific causes that can be physiologically or pathological.
| Physiological | Pathological |
|---|---|
| pregnancy | Cloud brain injury |
| Take drugs: NSAIDS, diuretics, narcotics, hormonal contraceptives | Disorder of the function of the kidneys, the heart, the brain, the liver |
| Hormonal background fluctuations: puberty, menopause, menstruation | Somatic diseases, herd of chronic infections |
| Anatomical characteristics of the structure of the human body | VSD |
| Insomnia of every origin | Dyslipidemia and increase in the stainless dinner of the uric acid level |
| Have elevators | diabetes |
| Mete sensitivity | Tumors |
| Long not treated migraines | Thrombosis or vascular embolism |
| Hot sauna or bathhouse | Osteochondrosis |
Symptoms and signs of arterial hypertension
With increased pressure, a person begins to feel uncomfortable, the first signs of which become signs:
- Headache, a feeling of pressing the temples with a tire;
- the feeling that the head is "stale";
- Dizziness;
- Noise in the ears, flickers flicker from flies in front of the eyes;
- Unpleasant sensations behind the sternum;
- Weakness;
- Sleep disorders.
These initial symptoms of high blood pressure.One person takes an increase in blood pressure for revise, fatigue.Without treatment, the condition gradually goes into border or unstable hypertension, which is characterized by pressure fluctuations like a pendulum.It occurs in different age groups and can be:
- Youth;
- neurotic;
- Menopause;
- Alcohol;
- Sport;
- Professional.
The main features are as:
- Episodic increase in blood pressure from 140/90 to 160/95 (in the USA and the European Union - from 130/85 to 140/90) and never beyond these limits;
- Independent normalization of pressure without additional intervention;
- Lack of changes in target organs: heart, kidneys, brain, bloody vessels;
- Reliable excluded symptomatic (secondary) hypertension.
Constant arterial pressure, which remains without attention, becomes the main cause of high blood pressure.It is characterized by the following symptoms:
- Violation of visual acuity;
- Interruptions in the heart of the heart with acute pain behind the sternum;
- The puntes of the cheeks, the feeling of warmth all over the body;
- Cold limbs with a partial loss of sensitivity, deafness;
- Narbating;
- Fatigue, cause nervousness;
- Tachycardia;
- Pulsation in the temples;
- Sweating or internal conversion;
- Pasticity;
- Fear;
- A feeling of complete emptiness, fainting;
- Premuroks, passed out;
- Muscle cramps;
- Tremors of the arms and legs.
An increased pressure in pregnant women has their own special manifestations.This is:
- sharp deterioration in the fountain;
- Pain in mind;
- Veil in front of the eyes;
- Noise in the ears;
- vomit;
- High temperature;
- red face;
- Nose bleeding;
- Heavy in the legs.
Each of these signs or symptoms indicate that tonometry and a doctor are looking for a doctor in good time.
What to do if the pressure has increased?
High pressure without attention can cause fatal and non -fatal complications: cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular insufficiency, chronic kidney diseases.
Think about what needs to be done at home when hell has increased:
- to help a person find a comfortable break for relaxation (preferably half -sitting, on high pillows);
- Ensure a complete peace (no sound, no irritating light, no movements);
- Open windows - oxygen flow;
- Prepare a hot foot bath and lower your legs for 10 minutes if you stabilize the number of blood pressure, which delivers the blood drain from the head, improves the well.
- With a pressure increase, you can put a mustard on the back of the head or caviar for 5-15 minutes and make a compress from apple cider vinegar to your feet.
- Relax on a chair or on a chair, fold your back, breathe deeply with your nose, breathe out with your mouth (5 times).
- You can put down high pressure on your back: when you exhale, you have to hold your breath for 2 seconds, which normalizes the emotional background in 5 minutes, reduces blood pressure to 30 units and watch the video below.
- The massage of the acupuncture point under the earlobe or half a centimeter in the direction of the nose and the dots between the eyebrows is possible in the nose.
Without a doctor, it is unacceptable to only hope for yourself.
Medication
They are prescribed by a doctor for chronic hypertension if the pressure of 160/90 and higher, strictly individual and with the cause correlates the high blood pressure and the type of its course.
| Groups of drugs | The mechanism of action |
|---|---|
| ACE blocker | Inhibit vasoconstrictive enzymes |
| Diuretics | Remove excess liquids and balance the total volume of the circulating blood |
| Calcium antagonist | Balancing of calcium ions that are not associated with proteins that are required for the normal function of the myocardium |
| Beta blocker | Reduce the heart rate, blood pressure (cannot be used for diabetes and asthma) |
| Alpha blocker | Reduce pressure earlier |
| Vasodilators | Expand the vessels and remove the cramp |
| Antagonist Angiotensin-2 | Block the kidney angiotic and narrow the vessels |
Possible complications
If the pressure is increased, this means dangerous body disorders:
- Arrhythmias of different formation;
- Tachycardia;
- Hypoxia, ischemia of tissues and organs;
- Stenosis of arteries, capillaries;
- Violation of the synthesis of aldosterone with the development of edema, an increase in the total volume of the circulating blood;
- Reduction of kidney function;
- Development of atherosclerosis;
Merben in the metabolic system ultimately lead to acute conditions that are not compatible with life (heart attack, stroke, acute heart failure).
prevention
The doctor will help create an individual program for prevention with a high press.The most important events are as follows:
- Weight control (each + 1 kg increases blood pressure by a few units);
- balanced diet;
- Rejection of bad habits;
- Physical activity;
- Correct change of calm and work;
- good sleep;
- A positive mood every day.
The older people recommended the treatment of sanatorium resort.